Dermatitis

Types of Dermatitis

Dermatitis can take several forms, each with distinct characteristics:

• Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema): A chronic condition that often begins in childhood, atopic dermatitis is characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. It commonly affects the face, elbows, knees, and other areas where the skin flexes. Atopic dermatitis is often associated with other allergic conditions, such as asthma or hay fever.

• Contact Dermatitis: This type occurs when the skin comes into contact with an irritant or allergen, leading to a rash. It is divided into two categories:

  • Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Caused by substances that irritate the skin, such as harsh soaps, chemicals, or prolonged exposure to water.
  • Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Triggered by an allergic reaction to substances like nickel, poison ivy, or fragrances.

• Seborrheic Dermatitis: This type of dermatitis primarily affects oily areas of the body, such as the scalp, face, and upper chest. It presents as red, scaly patches and is often associated with dandruff. In infants, it is known as cradle cap.

• Stasis Dermatitis: This condition occurs in the lower legs due to poor circulation, often related to varicose veins. It causes red, swollen, and itchy skin, sometimes accompanied by open sores.

• Nummular Dermatitis: Characterized by coin-shaped patches of irritated skin, nummular dermatitis is often triggered by dry skin, insect bites, or an allergic reaction. It can be extremely itchy and may become infected if scratched.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of dermatitis varies depending on the type, but several common factors contribute to the development of the condition:

• Genetics: A family history of dermatitis, asthma, or allergies increases the likelihood of developing atopic dermatitis.
• Environmental Factors: Exposure to allergens, irritants, or harsh environmental conditions can trigger contact dermatitis.
• Immune System Response: An overactive immune system may react to harmless substances, leading to inflammation and dermatitis.
• Stress: Emotional stress can exacerbate symptoms of dermatitis, particularly atopic dermatitis.
• Skin Barrier Dysfunction: In some forms of dermatitis, the skin’s natural barrier is compromised, making it more susceptible to irritation and infection.