Vitiligo

Vitiligo is a chronic skin condition characterized by the loss of pigmentation in certain areas of the skin, resulting in white patches. This occurs when the melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing skin pigment (melanin), are destroyed or stop functioning. Vitiligo can affect people of all skin types but is often more noticeable in those with darker skin. Although the condition is not harmful or contagious, it can have a significant impact on a person’s self-esteem and emotional well-being.

At PARI HOSPITAL, our dermatologists offer compassionate care and advanced treatments to help manage vitiligo, improve skin appearance, and support your overall well-being.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of vitiligo is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute to its development:

• Autoimmune Response: Vitiligo is often associated with autoimmune disorders, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells, including melanocytes.

• Genetics: A family history of vitiligo or other autoimmune diseases increases the likelihood of developing the condition.

• Environmental Triggers: Factors such as sunburn, stress, or exposure to certain chemicals may trigger or exacerbate vitiligo in some individuals.

• Neurogenic Factors: Some research suggests that nerve endings in the skin may release harmful substances that damage melanocytes.

• Oxidative Stress: An imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants in the body may also contribute to the destruction of melanocytes.

Symptoms of Vitiligo

The primary symptom of vitiligo is the appearance of white patches on the skin. These patches can vary in size and location and may occur anywhere on the body, including:

• Face and Neck: Commonly affected areas include the eyes, mouth, and nose.
• Hands and Feet: Vitiligo often appears on the fingers, toes, and areas around the nails.
• Arms and Legs: Patches may develop on the limbs, particularly on the elbows and knees.
• Genital Area: In some cases, vitiligo can affect the genital region.
• Hair and Scalp: Vitiligo can cause premature graying or whitening of the hair on the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, or beard.

Types of Vitiligo

Vitiligo can be classified into several types based on the distribution of the white patches:

• Generalized Vitiligo: The most common form, where patches appear on both sides of the body symmetrically.

• Segmental Vitiligo: Patches are limited to one side of the body or a specific area, often developing at a younger age and progressing for a few years before stabilizing.

• Focal Vitiligo: Limited to a small area, with few patches that do not spread for a long time.

• Acrofacial Vitiligo: Affects the face, hands, and feet, often around the mouth, eyes, and fingertips.

• Universal Vitiligo: A rare form where more than 80% of the body is affected by depigmentation