Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is a common type of skin cancer that originates in the squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells found in the outer layer of the skin (epidermis). It can also develop in other areas lined with squamous cells, such as the mouth, throat, and lungs. Early detection and treatment are crucial for effective management and positive outcomes.

What is Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Squamous Cell Carcinoma is characterized by the abnormal growth of squamous cells. These cancerous cells can invade surrounding tissues and may spread to other parts of the body if not treated promptly.

Key Features of SCC:

• Appearance: SCC typically appears as a firm, red nodule or a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface. It may also present as a sore that doesn’t heal or a growth that bleeds easily.
• Location: While SCC often occurs on sun-exposed areas of the skin, such as the face, ears, neck, and hands, it can develop anywhere on the skin or mucous membranes.
• Growth: SCC can grow slowly or rapidly, and the size and appearance of the lesions may change over time.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing Squamous Cell Carcinoma:

• Sun Exposure: Prolonged and unprotected exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is a major risk factor. Tanning beds also contribute to UV exposure.
• Age: SCC is more common in older adults, as skin damage accumulates over time.
• Skin Type: Individuals with fair skin, light-colored eyes, and a history of sunburns are at higher risk.
• Previous Skin Cancer: A history of nonmelanoma skin cancer increases the risk of developing SCC.
• Immunosuppression: People with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing organ transplants or with certain autoimmune diseases, are at increased risk.
• Chronic Skin Conditions: Long-term skin conditions, such as actinic keratosis or chronic wounds, can increase the likelihood of SCC.

Symptoms of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The symptoms of SCC can vary, but common signs include:

• Persistent Lesion: A growth or sore that does not heal or continues to bleed.
• Scaly or Crusted Surface: Lesions may have a rough, scaly texture.
• Red, Raised Areas: The affected area may appear red and inflamed.
• Ulceration: Some SCCs may develop an open sore or ulcer.