Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common condition that affects the hand and wrist, causing pain, numbness, and tingling. It occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the palm of the hand, becomes compressed or squeezed at the wrist. The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway on the palm side of your wrist, and any swelling or inflammation in this area can put pressure on the median nerve, leading to the symptoms of CTS.

Causes of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Several factors can contribute to the development of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, including:

• Repetitive Hand Movements: Repeated motions, especially those involving the wrist and fingers, can lead to inflammation and swelling in the carpal tunnel. This is common in jobs or activities that involve typing, assembly line work, or playing musical instruments.
• Wrist Anatomy: Some people have a smaller carpal tunnel, which makes them more susceptible to CTS.
• Medical Conditions: Conditions such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and thyroid disorders can increase the risk of CTS.
• Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause swelling that may lead to CTS.

Symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

The symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome typically develop gradually and may include:

• Numbness or Tingling: A sensation of numbness or tingling, especially in the thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers. This often occurs during activities or at night.
• Hand Weakness: A feeling of weakness in the hand, making it difficult to grip objects or perform fine motor tasks.
• Pain: Discomfort or pain in the hand and wrist, which can radiate up the arm.

These symptoms may initially come and go, but as the condition progresses, they can become more constant and severe.

Diagnosis and Treatment

If you experience symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, it’s essential to seek medical evaluation. A doctor can diagnose CTS based on your symptoms, medical history, and physical examination. In some cases, nerve conduction studies or electromyography (EMG) may be used to assess the severity of the nerve compression.

Treatment Options for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

The treatment for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome depends on the severity of the symptoms and how long they have been present:

• Rest and Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms and taking regular breaks from repetitive tasks can help relieve pressure on the median nerve.
• Wrist Splinting: Wearing a wrist splint, especially at night, can keep the wrist in a neutral position, reducing pressure on the median nerve.
• Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and inflammation.
• Corticosteroid Injections: Injections of corticosteroids can provide temporary relief by reducing swelling and inflammation in the carpal tunnel.

Surgical Options

If conservative treatments are ineffective, or if the symptoms are severe, surgery may be necessary:

• Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery: This procedure involves cutting the ligament that forms the roof of the carpal tunnel, thereby relieving pressure on the median nerve. It can be performed using traditional open surgery or a minimally invasive endoscopic technique.